نقد اقدام متقابل (تحریم نفت) اتحادیة اروپا علیه ایران از منظر حقوق مسئولیت بین‌المللی دولت

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق عمومی دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق نفت و گاز دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

شورای اتحادیة اروپا در 23 ژانویة 2012، در راستای تشدید فشارهای بین‌المللی علیه جمهوری اسلامی ایران، تصمیم گرفت تحریم‌های اقتصادی بیشتری در بخش انرژی از جمله تحریم خرید نفت از ایران وضع کند.اتحادیة اروپا مبنای حقوقی اقدام خود را عدم پایبندی ایران به تعهدات هسته‌ای‌ خود و همچنین ارتباط بالقوه میان درآمدهای نفتی و فعالیت‌های هسته‌ای این کشور، بر اساس مقدمة قطعنامة 1929 شورای امنیت عنوان کرد و به مسئولیت ایران بر اساس طرح مسئولیت دولت‌ها مصوب 2001 کمیسیون حقوق بین‌الملل استناد کرد و خرید نفت از ایران را به‌مثابة یک اقدام متقابل تحریم کرد. اما آیا ایران نسبت به تعهدات هسته‌ای خود بر اساس معاهدة NPT ، نقض تعهدی انجام داده است؟ آیا اتحادیة اروپا و دول عضو آن شرایط مربوط به انجام اقدام متقابل علیه ایران را بر اساس طرح مسئولیت بین‌المللی دولت به طور قانونی رعایت کرده‌اند؟ در این پژوهش مشروعیت اقدام متقابل اتحادیة اروپا دربارة تحریم نفت ایران از طریق بررسی طرح مسئولیت بین‌المللی دولت تحلیل و بررسی و نتیجه گرفته شد که اتحادیة اروپا هیچ کدام از شرایط مربوط به اجرای اقدام متقابل مصرح در طرح مسئولیت بین‌المللی دولت را رعایت نکرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Criticizing european union countermeasure (oil sanction) against Iran from the aspect of the law of international responsibility of state

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Momenirad 1
  • Nasser Khodaparast 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Iran
2 Student of Oil and Gas Law, Faculty of Law and Science, University of Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The European Union council in 23 January of 2012, in direction to aggravate international pressures against Islamic Republic of Iran, decided to enact further economic restrictions against this country in energy section especially against importing oil from Iran to the state members of European Union. The reason of imposing sanction by EU against Iran is Iran’s non-compliance of NPT obligations and the potential connection between Iran’s revenues derived from its energy sector and the funding of Iran’s proliferation-sensitive nuclear activities due to the preamble of UN.S.C Resolution 1929. European Union referred to the responsibility of Iran according to 2001 international law commission Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, and prohibited imports of oil from Iran as a Countermeasure. But has Iran breached its NPT obligations? Have the European Union and its member states observed the preconditions of countermeasures against Iran according to international law commission Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts? In this article, the legality of European Union Countermeasure against Iran is considered by analyzing the Draft articles on the International Responsibility of States, and it is found that the European Union has observed none of the preconditions of countermeasures against Iran according to international law commission Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • countermeasure
  • draft articles on the international responsibility of states
  • European Union
  • International Law
  • Iran
  • oil sanction

مراجع

امین‌زاده، الهام و خداپرست، ناصر (1391). «نقد تحریم نفت اتحادیة اروپا علیه ایران از منظر حقوق بین الملل»، دیدگاه‌های حقوق قضایی، شمارۀ 60.
Eeckhout, Piet) 2011(. EU External Relations Law, Oxford University Press.
Joyner, D. H. ( 2011). Interpreting the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- مقالات
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8-Katzman, Kenneth, October 15, 2012.“Iran Sanctions“AmericanCongressional Research Service,
 

9- Porretto, Gabriele,2008”The European Union, Counter-Terrorism Sanctions against Individuals and Human Rights Protection” in :”Fresh Perspectives on the 'War on Terror' “ edited by Miriam Gani, Penelope Mathew,Australian National university press .

 
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آرای قضایی
13-United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (U.S. v. Iran), I.C.J.3 ,1980.
 
اسناد و معاهدات
14- Annuaire  de  l’Institut  de  droit  international, vol. 38 .1934.
 
15-Commentaries on the Draft articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, ILC YearbookII(2). 2001 .
 
16-Council of the European Union ,”Basic Principles on the Use of Restrictive Measures (Sanctions) “10198/1/04 REV 1, PESC 450, Brussels, 7 June 2004.
 
17-Council Regulation (EU) No 267/2012 of 23 March 2012 concerning restrictive measures against Iranandrepealing Regulation (EU) No 961/2010 (O.J. L 88/1, 24.3.2012).
 
18-Draft articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations ,2011,(DARIO)
 
19-Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, 2001 (ARSIWA)
 
20-European Convention on Human Rights(ECHR),1948.
 
21-Fitzmaurice Second Report on Law of Treaties,.ILC Draft Articles on Law of Treaties Commentary,1966 .
 
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23-Security Council Resolution  1929.
 
24-Special Reporter, Crawford Third Report on State Responsibility,U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/507/Add. July 18, 2000.
 
25- Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency .
 
وب سایت
 
26-http://www.teriboon.ir..1391/4/18.
 
27- http://khabarfarsi.com.1391/04/12.
مطالعات حقوق انرژی
دوره 1، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 1
بهار و تابستان
فروردین 1394
صفحه 117-138

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