قیمت‌گذاری دوگانۀ انرژی در سازمان تجارت جهانی با تأکید بر اصل حاکمیت دائمی دولت‌ها بر منابع طبیعی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد دانشکدۀ حقوق پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل پردیس البرز دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

در دهۀ گذشته برخی کشورهای در حال توسعه به منظور ارتقای سطح اقتصادی خود و با استناد به اصل حاکمیت دائمی دولت‌ها بر منابع طبیعی، به عنوان یکی از حقوق ذاتی خود که از سوی جامعۀ جهانی و سازمان ملل متحد مورد شناسایی قرار گرفته است، به قیمت‌گذاری دوگانۀ انرژی روی آوردند. در مقابل، به باور کشورهای توسعه‌یافته، اقدام دولت‌های دارندۀ انرژی، ناقض برخی اصول بنیادین سازمان تجارت جهانی، مانند اصل تجارت آزاد، اصل منع تبعیض تجاری و اصل رفتار ملی است. از این رو، دعاوی متعددی در هیئت رسیدگی به اختلافات سازمان تجارت جهانی مطرح شد. به گمان هیئت حل و فصل اختلافات، تعارضات میان اصل تجارت آزاد و اصل حاکمیت دولت‌ها بر منابع طبیعی، ظاهری بوده و در حقیقت بین این دو اصل هیچ تضادی وجود ندارد. بنابراین، باید ضمن احترام به قواعد عام حقوق بین‌الملل و در نظر گرفتن اصول بنیادین سازمان تجارت جهانی به عنوان قوانین خاص، میان دو اصل مزبور تعادل برقرار کنیم. همچنین هیئت رسیدگی به اختلافات سازمان تجارت جهانی ابراز می‌دارد که هیچ‌یک از موافقت‌نامه‌های سازمان تجارت جهانی، قیمت‌گذاری دوگانه را آشکارا ممنوع اعلام نکرده‌اند و برای درک این مسئله که قیمت‌گذاری دوگانۀ انرژی ناقض اصول سازمان تجارت جهانی است یا خیر، می‌بایست مورد به مورد و با توجه به تمام شرایط و زوایای موجود در پرونده، نظر داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Energy Dual Pricing in the WTO with an Emphasis on Permanent Sovereignty on Natural Resources

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdolhossein Shiravi 1
  • Mahsa Farhaanjam 2
1 Professor of Law and Political Science Faculty, University of Tehran, Farabi Campus
2 PhD student of International law, University of Tehran, Alborz Campus
چکیده [English]

In the past decade, some developing countries, based on the principle of the PSNR as one of their inherent rights recognized by the international community and the United Nations, have engaged in Energy Dual Pricing in order to promote their economic level. On the other hand, developed countries were on the opinion that the actions of energy-holding states are in violation of the fundamental principles of the WTO, such as the principle of free trade, principle of commercial non-discrimination and the principle of national Treatment. Therefore, numerous cases were filed and engaged by the DSB of WTO. According to the DSB, the conflicts between the principle of free trade and the principle of the sovereignty of the state on natural resources are non-real and in fact there is no conflict between them. We thus, having respected the rules of general international law and also taking into account the fundamental principles of the WTO as special rules, make a balance between these two principles. Also the DSB of WTO states that none of the WTO's bilateral trade agreements have explicitly forbidden energy dual pricing, and to understand whether energy dual pricing violates the principles of the  WTO or not, it should be considered in the light of all the circumstances, on a case by case basis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dual pricing
  • Energy
  • Free Trade
  • Permanent Sovereignty over natural Resources
  • WTO

مراجع

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مطالعات حقوق انرژی
دوره 4، شماره 2
پاییز و زمستان
مهر 1397
صفحه 461-491

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