اهمیت انرژی های پاک از منظر حقوق بشر و تعهدات حقوق بشری ‏دولت ها در تأمین انرژی با تأکید بر رویة قضایی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دورة دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مراغه، مراغه، ‏ایران

2 استادیار گروه حقوق بین الملل دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مراغه، ‏مراغه، ایران ‏

3 دانشیار گروه حقوق دانشکده الهیات دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

     از دیدگاه نهادهای حقوق بشری تغییرات اقلیمی ناشی از سوخت­ های فسیلی، طیف گسترده ­ای از حقوق بشر را تهدید می­ کند. درنتیجه، دولت­ ها در اتخاذ سیاست­ های تأمین انرژی بی­ قیدوشرط نبوده و دارای تعهدات گسترده ­ای دربارة حقوق بشر هستند. این تحقیق با روش «توصیفی-تحلیلی» و با استفاده از آرای قضایی، در پی بررسی این مسئله است که انرژی های پاک از منظر حقوق بشر چه اهمیت و جایگاهی دارند؟ همچنین با توجه آثار زیان ­بار تغییرات اقلیمی، دولت­ ها دربارة اتخاذ سیاست‌های قابل­ قبول انرژی چه تعهداتی دارند؟ نتایج تحقیق نشان می­ دهد اصول و قواعد حقوق بشر و حقوق بین ­الملل محیط زیست دو دسته از تعهدات «شکلی» و «ماهوی» را برای دولت ­ها در زمینة اتخاذ سیاست ­های تأمین انرژی مشخص کرده ­اند. یافته­ های تحقیق نشان می ­دهد که محاکم و نهادهای حقوق بشری با استناد به تعهدات حقوق بشری، نه ­تنها دولت­ها، بلکه حتی شرکت­ های نفت و گاز را ملزم به تجدیدنظر در «سیاست­ های انرژی» خود کرده ­اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Importance of Clean Energy from the ‎Perspective of Human rights and human Rights ‎Obligations of States in Energy Supply with an ‎Emphasis on judicial Procedure

نویسندگان [English]

  • Waliullah Nasiri 1
  • Hossein Sorayaei Azar 2
  • Hojjat Salimi Turkmani 3
1 PhD Student in Public International Law, Islamic Azad University, ‎Maragheh Branch, Maragheh, Iran ‎
2 Associate Professor, Department of Public International Law, Islamic ‎Azad University, Maragheh Branch, Maragheh, Iran‎
3 Associate Professor, Public International Law, Shahid Madani ‎University of Azerbaijan, Tabriz,Iran‎
چکیده [English]

Abstract
From the perspective of human rights organizations, climate change from fossil fuels threatens a wide range of human rights. As a result, States are not unconditional in adopting energy supply policies and have broad human rights obligations. This research, using a “descriptive-analytical” method and using judicial opinions, seeks to examine the importance and position of clean energy from the perspective of human rights. Also, given the harmful effects of climate change, what obligations do States have in relation to adopting acceptable energy policies? The results of the study show that the principles and rules of human rights and international environmental law have identified two categories of “Substantive obligations” and “Procedural” obligations for States to adopt energy supply policies. The findings show that human rights courts and institutions, citing human rights obligations, have required not only States but even oil and gas companies to reconsider their “energy policies”.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate change
  • Greenhouse gases
  • Clean energy
  • Human rights
  • States ‎obligations.‎

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مطالعات حقوق انرژی
دوره 8، شماره 1
تیر 1401
صفحه 215-237

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