نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دکتری رشتة مدیریت قراردادهای بینالمللی نفت و گاز دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار حقوق خصوصی و اقتصادی دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه حقوق خصوصی و اقتصادی دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Several risks exist in upstream oil and gas industry so the contracting parties try to use legal approaches such as inclusion of insurance contractual clauses to reduce the inevitable economic consequences of adverse risk events. Therefore, along with the main purpose of this study, the main research question is “Are the insurance contractual clauses stipulated in the new pattern of Iranian Petroleum Contract (IPC) comprehensive and efficient enough? Otherwise, what are the elements comprising insurance clauses to be considered?” To achieve this end, insurance contractual clauses have been reviewed in three main models of upstream oil and gas contracts including concessions production sharing and service contracts of 19 different countries in addition to the new pattern of Iranian Petroleum Contract (IPC). This led to the confirmation of the related hypothesis as “there are different elements of insurance contractual clauses stipulated in upstream petroleum
contracts such as insurance rates, waiving subrogation right, etc.,” which led to achieving 18 elements as the main conclusions of this study. Then
comparative analysis of these elements with the related insurance clauses of Iranian Petroleum contract was done, which resulted in identifying the shortcomings of this contract, including the non-consideration of some necessary elements as one of the other results. Finally, suggestions have been made to address the shortcomings of the insurance clauses of this contract, the inclusion of which will increase efficiency, in addition to avoiding ambiguity in interpretation and reducing legal claims in this area.
کلیدواژهها [English]
منابع
الف) فارسی
https://jlr.sdil.ac.ir/article_120704.html (4 اسفند 1400)
ب) خارجی
9. Anderson, R. (2008). "9. Certificates of Insurance and Additional Insured Coverage: Maximize Value and Avoid Pitfalls” The John Liner Review, 22(2).87-91. www.spcpub.com (Accessed 14 Feb 2022).
10. Kagan, J (2020). “Corporate finance & accounting, corporate insurance”. Investopedia Website. https://www.investopedia.com/corporate-insurance-4689818 (Accessed 22 Jan 2022).
11. Mack H (1967). “The Hull Policy: Additional Assured; Loss payees; Waiver of Subrogation; The mortgagee's Position; Premiums; Deductible and Franchises”. Tulane Law Review, Vol. 41. 67-71.
https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tulr41&div=27&id=&page (Accessed 2 Feb 2022).
12. Ofoegbu, K (2018). “How Contractual Risk Allocation Provisions of Oil and Gas Contracts Have Been, Or May Be, interpreted by an English Court: A Case Study of Some Model Offshore Drilling Rig Contracts Developed in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States of America”. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Dundee). 156-160. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/how-contractual-risk-allocation-provisions-of-oil-and-gas-contrac (Accessed 26 Dec 2021).
13. Sharp, D (2009). Upstream and Offshore Energy Insurance. London: Witherby & Co. 287-290.
14. Snodgrass, G (1995). “Waiver of Subrogation and Allocation of Risk in Construction Contracts”. Defense Counsel Journal, 34-41. https://heinonline.org/(Accessed 20 Dec 2021).
15. Thornsjo, D. O. and Hasan, N. B (2007). “Contractual Risk Management: Considerations. When Allocating Third-Party Liability Risk” 1–68. https://heinonline.org (Accessed 11 Feb 2022).
16. Shawn M. Peddycord (2019). “Contract Risk Allocation”. Categories: Business Contracts. https://www.peddycordlaw.com/blog/ (Accessed 2 Jan 2022).
- قراردادهای بالادستی نفت و گاز
17. Concession Agreement for the Exploration, Development and Production of Oil and Natural Gas, 2013, AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DO PETRÓLEO, GÁS NATURAL E BIOCOMBUSTÍVEIS –ANP. Fedral Republic of Brazil, Ministry of Mines and Energy. Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels – ANP.
18. The Republic of the Gambia, Petroleum (exploration, development & production) License, between; The Republic of the Gambia, represented for these purposes by the minister of petroleum and CAMAC Energy A5 (Gambia) Ltd. With its registered office in George Town, Grand Cayman block A5, Dated the 24th day of May, 2012.
19. License for exploration and production of hydrocarbons, Norway, No. 2014/01. ORKUSTOFNUN, National Energy Authority.
20. Contract between The State and Mohave Oil and Gas Corporation, for petroleum exploration, development and production rights in the concession area denominated on the 3rd of August, 2007, on the premises of the Direcção-Geral de Energia e Geologia in Lisbon.
21. Model Petroleum concession agreement for Onshore, The president of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 2009.
22. Agreement on the exploration, development and production sharing for the Shah Deniz prospective area in the Azerbaijan sector of the Caspian Sea between the State Oil Company of the Azerbaijan Republic and BP, 4 June, 1996.
23. Amended production sharing contract national petroleum limited and The State of Georgia represented by The State Agency for the regulation of oil & Gas and the Joint Stock National Oil Company Saknavtobi May 2001.
24. Exploration and production sharing agreement between joint exploration exploitation and petroleum Services Company and Canadian Superior Energy Inc. August 2008, Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.
25. Exploration and Production-Sharing Contract for Hydrocarbons between Republic of Sacha (Yakut) and Russian Federation on the one hand and The Sacha –Austrian Joint Venture TAKT on the other hand. June, 1991.
26.Federative Republic of Brazil Production sharing contract for exploration and production of oil and natural gas/2013 The Ministry of Mining and Energy MME. The Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels-ANP.
27. Model Producing Oil Technical Service Contract (“PFTSC”), The Republic of Iraq, April, 23.
28. Production sharing contract between the Government of India and Oil India Ltd. And Geoglobal Resources (Barbados) Inc. With respect to contract area identified as Block; RJ-ONN-2004/2.
29. Production sharing contract for The Joint Petroleum Development Area, JPDA, 30 October, 2006, Australia and the Timor Sea Designated Authority.
30. The Government of The United Republic of Tanzania, Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation - and - Pan African Energy Tanzania Limited, Production Sharing Agreement, relating to the SONGO Gas field Dar ES Salaam, Tanzania Dated as of 11 October, 2001.
31. Production Sharing Contract, between The Government of The Republic of Kenya and Camac Energy Kenya Limited relating to block l28, Ministry of Energy.
32. Deep Onshore Model Production Sharing Contract, 2006, among the President of The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.
33. Model Production Sharing Agreement for Petroleum Exploration and Production in Turkmenistan, 1997.
34. The Specific Services Contract for development, production and upgrading of crude oil in block 20, (Pungarayacu Oil Field) in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region, October 8, 2008.
35. General Model Public Works Contract Based on Unit Price between PEMEX Exploracion Y Production (PEP) and Contractor, 2003. The Federal Government of the United Mexican States ("Mexico"). With respect to the design of the multiple Service Contracts pertaining to the development of non-associated natural gas fields in Mexico.