انعطاف‌پذیری در سازوکار شروط ثبات و توازن منافع در قراردادهای نفتی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکدة حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

عملکرد یک قرارداد نفتی مشروط به محیط مساعد ملی، بین المللی، حقوقی، سیاسی و بازار است. ساز و کارهای ثبات در اشکال حقوقی، قراردادی و اقتصادی برای مقابله با ریسک های سیاسی، مالی و تجاری در قراردادهای نفتی است. نگاهی به توسعه شیوه های ثبات در دهه های گذشته، ممکن است شروط ثبات بعنوان شروط کلاسیک و مدرن طبقه بندی شود. توازن اقتصادی یا شرط تعادل مجدد شاید آشناترین ساز و کارهای شروط ثبات مدرن هستند. در این رابطه پرسش اصلی این است «در شرایط و اوضاع و احوال تغییر یافته در طول اجرای قرارداد نفتی سازوکار شروط ثبات مدرن چگونه می تواند منافع طرفین را به نحوی عادلانه و متعارف استمرار بخشد؟» با این فرض که هدف آنها حفظ همان وضعیت مالی (توازن اقتصادی) مقرر شده در قرارداد با حمایت از سرمایه گذاری در تاریخ امضاء قرارداد است. بنابراین مفهوم سنتی ثبات قرارداد که ریشه محکمی در مفهوم لزوم قرارداد دارد تا حد زیادی به انعطاف پذیری در دستیابی به ثبات مورد نظر در قرارداد منجر شده است. در این مقاله با روش تحقیق توصیفی-کتابخانه ای این موضوع بررسی شده است. دستاورد آن «ساز و کارهای ثبات مدرن از جمله شرط تعادل اقتصادی و شرط ثبات مالی برای توازن اقتصادی قرارداد، توانایی دولت به جذب شرکت ها را افزایش داده، چنین مقرراتی توسط منطق اقتصادی حمایت می شود و ترویج هماهنگی بین منافع شرکت های نفتی و دولتهای میزبان است و همچنین مقررات ثبات، بهره وری و عملکرد شرکت نفتی را تسهیل می کند که معمولاً در بهترین شکل منافع دولت و زمینه توازن منافع در قراردادهای نفتی است.»
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Flexibility in the Mechanism of Stability Clauses and Balance of Interests in Oil Contracts

نویسندگان [English]

  • sfandyar kordi 1
  • reza Tajarlou 2
1 Department in public International Law, Azad University of Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran,
2 Department of public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The performance of a petroleum contract is conditioned by the favourable national and international legal, political and market environment. The mechanisms of stability in the forms of legal, contractual and economy for confronting are risks of political, financial and commercial in oil contracts. Looking at the development of stabilization practice over the last decades, stabilization clauses may be classified as classic or modern. Economic equilibrium or rebalancing clauses are perhaps the most familiar modern stabilization mechanisms. In this regard, the main question is “ in the circumstances and conditions that have changed during the implementation of the oil contract, how can the modern stability mechanism and conditions continue the interests of the parties in a fair and conventional way?”  With the assumption that their aim is to maintain the same financial situation (economic balance) stipulated in the contract by supporting investment at the date of signing the contract.  Thus, the traditional notion of stability of contract which is firmly rooted in the concept of sanctity of contract has largely given way to flexibility in approaching the desired stability in the contract. In this paper, this issue has been investigated with descriptive-library research method. Its achievement “that stabilization mechanisms enhance a government’s ability to attract companies, such provisions are supported by economic logic and imperative, promoting the coordination of interests between the oil companies and host governments. Stability provisions facilitate oil company efficiency and performance, which is typically in the best interests of the government and the balance of interests in the field of oil contracts.”

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Oil Contracts
  • Modern Stability Clause
  • Government Sovereignty
  • Financial stability Mechanism
  • Economic balance
  • Stabilization Clause

مراجع

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    Thesis

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مطالعات حقوق انرژی
دوره 9، شماره 1
مرداد 1402
صفحه 201-221

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